# Top Ten: The Worst Video Modes of the 90s

**Source:** Kineticist  
**Type:** article  
**Published:** 2026-05-01  
**Beat:** Pinball

**URL:** https://www.kineticist.com/news/worst-video-modes-90s

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## Analysis

Kineticist publishes a ranked list of the ten worst DMD video modes from the 1990s, evaluating games like Theatre of Magic, Cue Ball Wizard, Tommy, and Baywatch. The article critiques poorly-executed video mode mechanics, unpolished controls, thematic disconnects, and unfair difficulty balancing across Bally Williams, Sega, Gottlieb, and Data East titles. Key complaints include inconsistent hitbox detection, overly complex or unconventional controls, modes that are unwinnable or trivial, and rewards that don't justify the effort required.

### Key Claims

- [HIGH] Data East's Checkpoint (1991) was the first pinball game to feature a dot matrix display (DMD) — _Kineticist article opening statement on the DMD innovation_
- [HIGH] Theatre of Magic's Digital Pinball mode has physics and angles that are 'almost unfathomably weird' and the virtual ball will often fall straight through virtual flippers — _Kineticist's #1 worst video mode entry, direct description of gameplay bug_
- [MEDIUM] Cue Ball Wizard's 'Where's the KING?' mode outcome is predetermined, making the player's choice of curtain moot — _Kineticist article, #2 entry, stated as 'believed to be predetermined'_
- [HIGH] Tommy Pinball Wizard's Captain Walker mode is best played by not engaging with the mechanics—moving the plane to the bottom and leaving it yields 13,000,000 of the possible 17,000,000 points — _Kineticist's #3 entry, explicit design flaw description_
- [MEDIUM] Johnny Mnemonic's SNARF video mode uses side flipper buttons primarily as a workaround because Williams needed a reason to use them beyond controlling the claw hand — _Kineticist's #7 entry, opinion-based interpretation of design intent_

### Notable Quotes

> "The video mode was a divisive concept when it first began to appear, and is largely tolerated now, but in the early days of the DMD, with every memorable video mode came several forgettable, janky, or downright bad showings."
> — **Kineticist**, intro
> _Sets context for the list: video modes were contentious during DMD's early era and many were poorly executed_

> "The grand prize feels like playing a lottery, especially if you pull it off in a competitive setting."
> — **Kineticist**, #10 entry
> _Critiques Starship Troopers' Psychic Test mode for being unbalanced and unfair in tournament play_

> "Digital Pinball commits every cardinal sin imaginable when it comes to what makes a good video mode."
> — **Kineticist**, #1 entry
> _Summarizes why Theatre of Magic's Digital Pinball is ranked worst: difficult, janky controls, thematically irrelevant_

> "The best way to play the mode is to simply not play the mode."
> — **Kineticist**, #3 entry (Tommy Captain Walker)
> _Describes a fundamental design flaw where optimal strategy is to ignore the mode's mechanics_

> "It's just kind of gross if you think about it."
> — **Kineticist**, #8 entry (Spittin' Gallery)
> _Light critique of The Champion Pub's thematic choice to catch spitballs_

### Entities

| Name | Type | Context |
|------|------|---------|
| Data East | company | Manufacturer credited with Checkpoint (1991, first DMD), The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997), Jurassic Park (1993), Captain Walker is also cited in Tommy (Data East 1994 per context) |
| Bally Williams | company | Manufacturer of Starship Troopers, Cirqus Voltaire, The Champion Pub, Johnny Mnemonic, Black Rose, Junk Yard, Baywatch, The Who's Tommy Pinball Wizard, Theatre of Magic |
| Sega | company | Manufacturer of Starship Troopers (1997), Baywatch (1995), The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997), Star Wars Trilogy |
| Gottlieb | company | Premier Gottlieb manufactured Super Mario Bros. (1992) and Cue Ball Wizard (1992) |
| Theatre of Magic | game | Bally Williams (1995) game; ranked #1 worst video mode for its 'Digital Pinball' mode |
| Cue Ball Wizard | game | Premier Gottlieb (1992) game; ranked #2 worst video modes for 'Catch the Pool Balls' and 'Where's the KING?' |
| The Who's Tommy Pinball Wizard | game | Data East (1994) game; ranked #3 worst video mode 'Captain Walker' |
| The Lost World: Jurassic Park | game | Sega (1997) game; ranked #4 worst video mode 'T-Rex Swing' |
| Baywatch | game | Sega (1995) game; ranked #5 worst video mode 'Beach Runner' |
| Super Mario Bros. | game | Premier Gottlieb (1992) game; ranked #6 worst video mode for Mario's platformer-style mode |
| Johnny Mnemonic | game | Bally Williams (1995) game; ranked #7 worst video mode 'SNARF' for unconventional 8-directional controls |
| The Champion Pub | game | Bally Williams (1998) game; ranked #8 worst video mode 'Spittin' Gallery' |
| Cirqus Voltaire | game | Bally Williams (1997) game; ranked #9 worst video mode 'The Amazing Roonie' |
| Starship Troopers | game | Sega (1997) game; ranked #10 worst video mode 'Psychic Test' |
| Checkpoint | game | Data East (1991) game; credited as first pinball machine to feature a DMD |
| Doctor Who | game | Bally Williams (1992) game; referenced for its beloved video mode that influenced Cirqus Voltaire's Roonie mode |
| Black Rose | game | Bally Williams (1992) game; referenced for iconic chase sequence video mode |
| Junk Yard | game | Bally Williams (1996) game; referenced for iconic chase sequence video mode |
| Jurassic Park | game | Data East (1993) game; mentioned in comparison to The Lost World: Jurassic Park |
| Star Wars Trilogy | game | Sega pinball game; mentioned as an example of poor video mode design from same era as Lost World |
| Kineticist | organization | Content creator/publication that published this ranked list article |

### Signals

- **[design_philosophy]** Widespread pattern of poorly-executed video modes in 1990s pinball: unconventional controls, inconsistent hitbox detection, thematic disconnects, unbalanced difficulty/rewards, and modes that become trivial when exploited (confidence: high) — All 10 entries demonstrate recurring design issues across multiple manufacturers (Bally, Sega, Gottlieb, Data East)
- **[historical_signal]** DMD technology (introduced 1991) enabled video modes but manufacturers struggled with implementation quality in the early-to-mid 1990s; quality and integration improved over time as designers learned lessons (confidence: high) — Article frames list as examining 'worst video modes' from 1990s, implying later eras had better execution
- **[design_innovation]** Some games attempted novel control schemes (8-directional controls in Johnny Mnemonic, launch button controls in Lost World) that were either too complex or confusing relative to traditional flipper buttons (confidence: high) — Johnny Mnemonic's 8-directional controls and Lost World's use of ball launch button for jumping are cited as awkward design choices
- **[gameplay_signal]** Multiple video modes suffer from inconsistent difficulty: some modes are nearly unwinnable (Theatre of Magic Digital Pinball, Cue Ball Wizard), while others are trivial when exploited (Tommy Captain Walker), leading to poor risk/reward balance (confidence: high) — Theatre of Magic Digital Pinball described as 'almost unfathomably weird' physics; Tommy Captain Walker best played by doing nothing; Cue Ball Wizard can be 'outright impossible to win'
- **[design_philosophy]** Several games failed to maintain thematic connection between video mode and pinball theme (Theatre of Magic's generic pinball mode, Johnny Mnemonic's abstract circle-eating game, Mario's strict fall detection unrelated to jumping core mechanic) (confidence: high) — Digital Pinball 'has absolutely nothing to do with Theatre of Magic's theme'; Mario mode 'fails in how different and unpolished it is compared to the actual Mario video games'
- **[design_philosophy]** Some video modes appear to exist as justification for hardware features (Johnny Mnemonic's side flipper buttons) rather than as intentional gameplay additions, suggesting forced inclusion rather than organic design (confidence: medium) — Article speculates that Johnny Mnemonic's SNARF mode was 'needed as a reason to use the second flipper buttons on the side of the game other than just controlling the claw hand'
- **[product_concern]** Mario Bros. (Gottlieb 1992) has overly strict fall detection that ends the mode before Mario physically falls, causing jarring and unfair losses (confidence: high) — Article explicitly notes: 'The detection for when Mario has fallen into a pit is way too strict, though, and will end the mode before Mario physically falls'
- **[product_concern]** Multiple games exhibit unresponsive or sluggish controls in video modes (Spittin' Gallery spittoon moves too slowly; T-Rex Swing requires non-intuitive button mapping) (confidence: high) — Spittin' Gallery: 'the spittoon moves a bit too slowly'; T-Rex Swing: 'controls require pressing the ball launch button to jump between vines instead of the flippers'
- **[gameplay_signal]** Several video modes offer rewards that don't justify the difficulty or effort required (Baywatch Beach Runner 55M vs 30M difference offset by 2 easy shots; Theatre of Magic 40M for perfect video mode completion) (confidence: high) — Beach Runner: '55,000,000 award for winning compared to the 30,000,000+ you get for losing is a difference that can be made up in about 2 shots'; Digital Pinball: '40,000,000 points, which is a rather laughable sum'
- **[design_philosophy]** Cue Ball Wizard's 'Where's the KING?' mode suffers from predetermined outcomes that eliminate player agency and decision-making, making the selection mechanic purely illusory (confidence: medium) — Article states outcome 'is believed to be predetermined, making the entire selection moot'
- **[gameplay_signal]** Games with randomized difficulty (Cue Ball Wizard's Catch the Pool Balls with randomized ball location) can become impossible to complete on a single attempt, creating frustration and unreliable success rates (confidence: high) — Cue Ball Wizard: 'the ball's location is random, and the pocket doesn't move very fast, often making it impossible to get a perfect 4 for 4'
- **[design_philosophy]** Baywatch's Beach Runner mode creates unnecessary physical stress through prolonged button-mashing that provides little gameplay reward relative to the wear caused to players and hardware (confidence: medium) — Beach Runner: 'the mode is longer than it needs to be, putting unnecessary physical stress on the player and the game's flipper buttons'

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## Transcript

The dot matrix display, first seen on Data East’s Checkpoint in 1991, is an iconic pinball innovation. It gave games new ways to show scores, play animations, incorporate game themes, and… offer video games. The video mode was a divisive concept when it first began to appear, and is largely tolerated now, but in the early days of the DMD, with every memorable video mode came several forgettable, janky, or downright bad showings. Here’s our list of the ten worst video modes from the 1990s. #10: Psychic Test (Starship Troopers, Sega, 1997) In Psychic Test (Starship Troopers), the player is asked to name which playing card from a standard deck was randomly chosen by the game. An exact correct guess scores a Special (or 20,000,000 points), and guessing the correct suit but wrong rank gives a consolation prize of 3,000,000. There are a couple of points for creativity to be given out here for picking a video mode that’s relatively unique while maintaining a connection to the game’s theme, but the execution just feels like a massive hiccup in what is otherwise a surprisingly good-feeling flow game. Using the left flipper to scroll through 52 options in one direction is a bit excessive, and the grand prize feels like playing a lottery, especially if you pull it off in a competitive setting. This mode could have been improved with significantly fewer options and a way to normalize/’rig’ the guess for tournaments. #9: The Amazing Roonie (Cirqus Voltaire, Bally Williams, 1997) The Amazing Roonie is not often seen on Cirqus Voltaire, since it is one of many modes that can be triggered by entering the Sideshow. Similarities to the beloved video mode from Doctor Who (Bally Williams, 1992) are obvious: a character moves to the right on their own, and the flipper buttons are used to jump over obstacles. Cirqus Voltaire requires pressing both flipper buttons to jump, though, and there is no way to vary Roonie’s jump distance, which limits the available skill and strategy somewhat. The Amazing Roonie is also quite long, and the 2,900,000 points at the end for anyone who completes it are only barely worth it. In a game so loaded with rules, toys, and features as Cirqus Voltaire, The Amazing Roonie falls flat. #8: Spittin’ Gallery (The Champion Pub, Bally Williams, 1998) Spittin’ Gallery isn’t the worst entry in the “catch falling objects” genre of video modes–don’t worry, that’ll come later–but it’s still deceptively frustrating to play. This mode is lit as one of the rewards from a Door Prize skill shot or after winning 1 fight, and is started by shooting the scoop in the lower left. Use the flippers to move a spittoon back and forth, trying to catch spitballs from people lined up at the bar. To win, you have to catch 10 spitballs before missing 3. This mode is almost there in terms of quality, but the spittoon moves a bit too slowly, and the detection for when a spitball actually lands inside the jar versus hitting the side is just a little too inconsistent. Also, it’s just kind of gross if you think about it. Props for nailing the old Western saloon tie-in with this one, but the gameplay makes its contribution a net negative. #7: SNARF Video Mode (Johnny Mnemonic, Bally Williams, 1995) Johnny Mnemonic’s video mode is iconic, if for no other reason than the SNARF onomatopoeia that appears when an enemy is defeated, but looking past that, it reeks of “Williams needed a reason to use the second flipper buttons on the side of the game other than just controlling the claw hand”. Video mode is one of the awards that can be earned from locking a ball at the hand. In the video mode, you control a hollow circle (“predator”) trying to eat smaller, filled-in circles (“prey”) by running into them. The predator can be moved up or left using the flipper buttons on the left, or down or right using the flipper buttons on the right. A major sticking point here is the mode’s difficulty: the erratic motion of the prey, the small size and awkward momentum of the predator, the unconventional controls, and the short time limit combine to frequently put this mode out of reach for players. I’d give an A for effort on the 8-directional controls, which is something basically no other video mode has tried… but let’s be honest, it’s really more of a B- for effort, at best. #6: Mario’s Video Mode (Super Mario Bros., Premier Gottlieb, 1992) Adding a platformer-style video mode to a game licensed to use Mario was an absolute no-brainer. And in a vacuum, the results turned out fine. Mario’s video mode fails, though, in how different and unpolished it is compared to the actual Mario video games. To compensate for having only two control buttons, Mario always moves to the right; hold one flipper button to run and press the other to jump. The detection for when Mario has fallen into a pit is way too strict, though, and will end the mode before Mario physically falls, so the result is jarring. Also, despite Mario’s main ability being jumping on enemies, landing on the Bullet Bills in this mode from above counts as a loss. There’s only one video mode layout, so at least it can be practiced and memorized, but it would have been fair to expect quite a bit more polish out of a product with a gaming icon like Mario attached to it. #5: Beach Runner (Baywatch, Sega, 1995) Button-mashing video modes have their time and place. The chase sequences in Black Rose (Bally Williams, 1992) and Junk Yard (Bally Williams, 1996) are iconic for their animations and storytelling, and pave the way to major rewards within their games. Baywatch’s entry to the genre does… none of those things. To play Beach Runner, you must shoot the side ramp enough to spell the word Ironman, which is a lot easier said than done because of how rarely Baywatch feeds the upper flipper at all–then shoot the spinner lane in the lower right. During Beach Runner itself, mash the flipper buttons to win a footrace. The running animations for the racers are quite poorly drawn compared to a lot of other display work on Baywatch; the mode is longer than it needs to be, putting unnecessary physical stress on the player and the game’s flipper buttons; and the 55,000,000 award for winning compared to the 30,000,000+ you get for losing is a difference that can be made up in about 2 shots around the table. The Wakeboarding video mode that can be earned from the Shark is a much more welcome addition to Baywatch, and spelling Ironman should have given either just a big score or a more unique playfield mode. #4: ‘T-Rex Swing’ Video Mode (The Lost World: Jurassic Park, Sega, 1997) Video mode on The Lost World: Jurassic Park is one possible Mystery award, which can be collected at the Egg scoop after earning the words Lost and World from the two orbits. This video mode, which is otherwise unnamed, is… perplexing, to say the least. Why is it so short? Why do the controls require pressing the ball launch button to jump between vines instead of the flippers? Why is it an option to win the mode by jumping inside the dinosaur’s mouth, in addition to jumping over it? If this video mode were part of the first Jurassic Park game (Data East, 1993), it could maybe get a little more of a pass, but by 1997, these sorts of things should have been either more fleshed out or cut from the final product. Then again, this is the same era of Sega Pinball that gave us Star Wars Trilogy, so maybe we should all just be glad it wasn’t worse. #3: Captain Walker (The Who’s Tommy Pinball Wizard, Data East, 1994) Captain Walker’s glaring flaw is that the best way to play the mode is to simply not play the mode. The flipper buttons are used to move a plane up and down, and if a target of some kind crosses into the reticle in front of the plane, it will get shot for points. If you’ve memorized the video mode, up to 17,000,000 points are available, but you can get 13,000,000 of those points by just immediately moving the plane to the bottom of the display and leaving it there. Most people who play the mode and actually try don’t even reach that 13,000,000 mark, and with most modes and shots giving points 5,000,000 or 10,000,000 at a time, who cares? The only purpose Captain Walker serves is to give players a short coffee break as they try to smash through the 13 (!) main modes on Tommy. #2: Catch the Pool Balls and Where’s the KING? (Cue Ball Wizard, Premier Gottlieb, 1992) Okay, okay, I’m cheating a little bit with this one, partially for including two modes and partially because Where’s the KING? barely qualifies as a video mode, but they’re both so bad that I just had to lump them together. Video modes are qualified by unlighting all 4 bottom lanes to spell Pool, then shooting the right ramp. Which of the two video modes you get to play appears to be random. Where’s the KING? gives the player 3 seconds to choose one of 3 curtains, and whatever is behind the chosen curtain is awarded. The problem is, there are 4 possible outcomes… and one of them is 0 points… and the given award is believed to be predetermined, making the entire selection moot. In Catch the Pool Balls, the goal is to use the flipper buttons to move a billiards pocket left or right to catch a bouncing pool ball. You get 4 chances, and each caught pool ball scores more than the last. Unfortunately, the ball’s location is random, and the pocket doesn’t move very fast, often making it impossible to get a perfect 4 for 4. So, in summary, Cue Ball Wizard has two video modes, which can both give a sizable 20,000,000 points… and both can be outright impossible to win. A stellar showing from Gottlieb, truly. #1: Digital Pinball (Theatre of Magic, Bally Williams, 1995) As just about anyone who’s played it can attest, Digital Pinball commits every cardinal sin imaginable when it comes to what makes a good video mode. Digital Pinball is quite difficult, has janky and inconsistent controls, and has absolutely nothing to do with Theatre of Magic’s theme. Digital Pinball is only available as one of the awards given from Trap Door Mystery, which is qualified by hitting 4 post targets on either side of the center ramp followed by a center ramp -> right ramp combo. The mode tasks the player with using the game’s physical flipper buttons to activate flippers on the DMD, hitting a virtual pinball into a set of 6 drop targets at the ‘back’ of the game. If 15 seconds pass without hitting all 6 targets, or if the ball drains, the video mode ends. The physics and angles of shots in this setup are almost unfathomably weird, and the virtual pinball will appear to fall straight through the virtual flippers quite often. If you do manage to knock down all of the virtual drop targets in time, the default award is an extra ball, which is okay value–but if this extra ball has been earned or if extra balls are off, the award is changed to 40,000,000 points, which is a rather laughable sum. Digital Pinball’s spot on the mystery award list could have easily been taken by a magna-save relight or spotted progress toward Tiger Saw Multiball, and it’s a shame that something like this was shoehorned into Theatre of Magic at all. Do you agree with this list? What should be higher or lower? Did we miss any? Sound off in the comments below!

_(Acquisition: web_scrape, Enrichment: v5)_

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*Exported from Journalist Tool on 2026-06-06 | Item ID: 88afbf1e-0fb2-423c-a24c-0ab8bffac150*