# NACS 2019: A GAME ANALYSIS

**Source:** Pinball News Website  
**Type:** article  
**Published:** 2020-03-01  
**Beat:** Pinball

**URL:** https://www.pinballnews.com/site/2020/03/01/nacs-2019-a-game-analysis

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## Analysis

A detailed statistical analysis of the 2019 NACS pinball championship series examining the 706 machines available across 37 locations. Stern Pinball leads with 31% of machines, followed by Bally (26%) and Williams (21%), contradicting the notion of a 'Sternament.' Modern games dominate the top 10, with Iron Maiden: Legacy of the Beast, Attack from Mars, and Jurassic Park most frequently selected. The IFPA has no official ban list, but venues implement local modifications and rule adjustments (custom ROMs, rule tweaks, hardware changes) to address competitive imbalances and mechanical issues.

### Key Claims

- [HIGH] Stern Pinball manufactures 31% of NACS machines, followed by Bally (26%) and Williams (21%) — _Statistical analysis of 706 machines from 37 of 55 locations (67% response rate)_
- [HIGH] Eight of the top ten most-used NACS games are Stern titles, all but three are newer than 2012, and nothing pre-DMD makes the top ten — _Game popularity rankings based on reported machine counts_
- [HIGH] The NACS overwhelmingly relies on solid-state (SS) pinball games over electromechanical (EM) machines — _Statistical observation about game selection trends across venues_
- [HIGH] Pro model Stern games represent the significant majority of Stern machines in NACS, with Premium next and LE/SLE comprising about 15% — _Analysis of 153 reported Stern machines by version type_
- [HIGH] The IFPA has no official ban list for NACS games, with Josh Sharpe noting certain games like No Good Gofers and Tales of the Arabian Nights pose competitive problems but local events determine prohibitions — _Direct quote from Josh Sharpe, IFPA President, and article structure on game prohibitions_
- [HIGH] Multiple NACS venues employ custom ROMs (including 'Soren' ROMs by Søren Worre) to address scoring imbalances and bugs in competitive machines — _Reports from Delaware, Virginia, Colorado, and Oregon tournament directors_
- [HIGH] Iron Maiden: Legacy of the Beast is the most frequently used game in NACS with 18 instances across locations — _Top 10 games ranked by count in reported NACS locations_

### Notable Quotes

> "The short answer is 'No!' While Stern Pinball is the manufacturer of more NACS pins than any other, it is still well short of being the majority."
> — **Article author (responding to whether NACS is a 'Sternament')**, Introduction to Statistical Review section
> _Directly addresses a key community concern about manufacturer dominance in competitive pinball_

> "Josh Sharpe, President of the IFPA, noted that certain games clearly pose more of a problem than others, and while he would ensure a game like No Good Gofers or Tales of the Arabian Nights was never permitted at a circuit event or the World Championship, local events are not held to the same standard."
> — **Josh Sharpe, IFPA President**, Game Prohibitions and Modifications section
> _Clarifies IFPA's decentralized approach to competitive game management and the distinction between circuit standards and local discretion_

> "Soren ROMs are customized ROM files made by Søren Worre, one of pinball's most prolific ROM customizers whose work focuses on score balancing and bug fixes"
> — **Article author**, Game Prohibitions and Modifications section
> _Introduces Søren Worre as a key figure in competitive pinball rule customization_

> "Colorado used short ball-save timers on all Jersey Jack and Stern Pinball games, all multi-ball ball-save timers were cut in half from default, rubbers were removed from multiple titles, and virtual ball-locks were activated for Aerosmith and Game of Thrones."
> — **Snow Galvin (Colorado NACS organizer)**, Game Prohibitions and Modifications section
> _Demonstrates the extent of mechanical and software modifications some venues employ to level competitive play_

> "Oregon avoids games with unbalanced mystery features, finicky mechanisms, known software bugs, and games with one-shot exploits that encourage repetitive play."
> — **Zoë Vrabel (Oregon NACS organizer)**, Game Prohibitions and Modifications section
> _Outlines Oregon's philosophy for game selection based on competitive fairness criteria_

### Entities

| Name | Type | Context |
|------|------|---------|
| IFPA (International Flipper Pinball Association) | organization | Organizes the NACS and North American Pinball Championship; sets competitive standards; Josh Sharpe is President |
| Stern Pinball | company | Leading manufacturer with 31% of NACS machines; dominates top 10 game list with 8 titles; offers Pro/Premium/Limited Edition variants |
| Bally (and Williams/WMS) | company | Second (26%) and third (21%) largest manufacturer representation in NACS; distinction between Bally and Williams is noted as academic post-1988 |
| Josh Sharpe | person | President of IFPA; provides guidance on competitive game standards; worked with state/provincial representatives to compile data |
| Søren Worre | person | Prolific custom ROM designer; creates 'Soren ROMs' for score balancing and bug fixes; used in multiple NACS venues |
| Iron Maiden: Legacy of the Beast | game | Jersey Jack Pinball title; most frequently used game in NACS with 18 instances |
| Attack from Mars | game | Classic Williams/Data East title; second most-used in NACS with 17 instances; available in original WMS or CGC remake versions |
| Jurassic Park | game | Stern Pinball title; third most-used in NACS with 16 instances |
| Black Knight Sword of Rage | game | Modern Stern title; fourth most-used in NACS with 14 instances |
| Jersey Jack Pinball | company | Boutique manufacturer with 4% NACS representation; Iron Maiden is most-used game overall; uses in NACS employ short ball-save timers per Colorado protocols |
| Chicago Gaming Company (CGC) | company | Remakes Williams games; 2% NACS representation; produces versions of Attack from Mars and Monster Bash |
| Spooky Pinball | company | Modern boutique manufacturer with 1% NACS representation |
| Snow Galvin | person | Colorado NACS organizer; implements extensive game modifications including custom ROMs, ball-save adjustments, and mechanical tweaks |
| Zoë Vrabel | person | Oregon NACS organizer; uses PAPA Director's Guide for game selection; avoids unbalanced mystery features and one-shot exploits |
| PAPA (Professional & Amateur Pinball Association) | organization | Publishes Director's Guide Game Notes used by venues like Oregon to inform competitive game selection |
| No Good Gofers | game | Williams title with competitive issues (unbalanced Cart Attack scoring, free lock award problems); Josh Sharpe confirms it would never be used at circuit events or World Championship |
| Tales of the Arabian Nights | game | Data East title with Harem multiball scoring imbalance; allows skilled players to battle genie indefinitely; excluded from top-tier IFPA events |
| Demolition Man | game | Data East title; Delaware uses custom 'Soren' ROM to address competitive issues |
| Game of Thrones | game | Stern title; ninth most-used in NACS with 9 instances; Colorado enables virtual ball-locks; receives short ball-save timers |
| Monster Bash | game | Williams/CGC title; ninth most-used in NACS with 9 instances; available in original or remake versions |
| Metallica | game | Stern title; eighth most-used in NACS with 10 instances; receives standard ball-save modifications in some venues |
| Aerosmith | game | Jersey Jack title; receives virtual ball-lock activation in Colorado and standard ball-save modifications |
| Glenn Waechter | person | Community member credited for motivating the article and helping generate NACS game lists via Tilt Forums |

### Topics

- **Primary:** Manufacturer dominance in competitive pinball, Game selection trends in NACS tournaments, Competitive game balancing and modifications, Custom ROM usage in tournament pinball, IFPA tournament standards and local discretion
- **Secondary:** Modern vs. classic pinball game representation, Stern Pro/Premium/Limited Edition model distribution
- **Mentioned:** Solid-state vs. electromechanical game usage

### Sentiment

**Neutral** (0.5) — Article is analytical and factual, presenting data without advocacy. Tone is informative and technical. No strong positive or negative sentiment toward manufacturers or design philosophies. Concludes with open-ended questions about future trends rather than opinions.

### Signals

- **[community_signal]** Long-standing question of whether NACS constitutes a 'Sternament' (tournament dominated by single manufacturer) is definitively addressed: Stern leads with 31% but falls short of majority (confidence: high) — Article title and opening analysis directly tackle 'Sternament' question; Stern 31%, Bally 26%, Williams 21%
- **[community_signal]** IFPA and venues employ decentralized, collaborative approach to competitive game management via venue director discretion and peer communication (PAPA Director's Guide, Tilt Forums coordination) (confidence: high) — Josh Sharpe notes IFPA has no formal ban mandates; venues reference PAPA Director's Guide; Glenn Waechter helped coordinate data collection via Tilt Forums
- **[competitive_signal]** Modern licensed Stern titles (Iron Maiden, Jurassic Park, Black Knight Sword of Rage, Deadpool) dominate NACS game selection, with 8 of top 10 games being Stern titles all post-2012 (confidence: high) — Top 10 games list shows Iron Maiden (18), Attack from Mars (17), Jurassic Park (16), Black Knight (14), Deadpool (13) as most frequent; 8 of 12 unique titles in top 10 are Stern
- **[competitive_signal]** Jersey Jack Pinball established as top boutique manufacturer in competitive play with Iron Maiden as #1 game overall; receives special competitive protocol treatment (short ball-save timers per Colorado) (confidence: high) — Iron Maiden: Legacy of the Beast leads all games with 18 instances; Jersey Jack represents 4% NACS total; Color article notes JJP games receive universal ball-save modifications
- **[design_philosophy]** Multiple classic/vintage games identified as having inherent competitive design flaws (Tales of the Arabian Nights Harem multiball imbalance, No Good Gofers Cart Attack scoring, Police Force instant multiball exploit) (confidence: high) — Josh Sharpe confirms Tales of Arabian Nights and No Good Gofers would never be used in circuit events; Texas removes Police Force due to 'take highest score' feature and instant multiball exploit
- **[market_signal]** Solid-state pinball machines overwhelmingly used in NACS over electromechanical; modern-era games dominate; growth reflects younger playerbase unfamiliar with EM era (confidence: high) — Article notes 'NACS relies overwhelmingly on SS pins' and attributes trend to 'growth amongst an audience too young to remember EM pinball machines on route'
- **[product_strategy]** Stern's three-tier Pro/Premium/Limited Edition model creates meaningful gameplay differences affecting competitive fairness; Pro models represent significant majority (precise percentage not stated) across NACS venues (confidence: medium) — Article notes 'gameplay differences these sometimes entail' and 'differences between versions of a game can be dramatic'; 153 Stern games tracked; chart shows Pro majority but exact percentages unclear
- **[technology_signal]** Customized ROM files (especially 'Soren ROMs' by Søren Worre) are widely adopted across NACS venues as a standard tool for competitive game balancing without full game removal (confidence: high) — Delaware, Colorado, and Virginia all report using custom ROMs; article notes Søren Worre as 'one of pinball's most prolific ROM customizers'; Colorado uses 'Soren' ROMs on 3 games

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## Transcript

**Introduction**

[The North American Championship
Series](https://www.ifpapinball.com/nacs/2019/) (NACS) is one of the premier
competitions in pinball today. Organized by the International Flipper Pinball
Association ([IFPA](https://www.ifpapinball.com/)), the NACS consists of year-long
qualifying to determine the entrants into same-day finals across the continent.
The results of those events determine the invitees for the IFPA North American
Pinball Championship.

The NACS consists of the IFPA Provincial
Championship Series (in Canada), the IFPA State Championship Series (in the
USA), and the IFPA District Championship Series (specific to Washington D.C.).
While anyone can qualify for any such series final, it is possible to only
participate in one (part of the reason they are all held on the same day).

The various provincial/state/district
series tournaments for the 2019 period were conducted on January 18, 2020. Such
prestigious events offer a prime opportunity to better understand pinball game
selection through the competitive lens. What makes for a good competitive game?
Are there trends related to the games that are available for play in such
events?

This article will tackle these questions in two distinct categories. First, it shall examine the games used by the championship series’ hosts (games that could be played by competitors) for some statistical details. Second, it will explore the question of prohibited games and modifications used to make gameplay more ideal for competitive purposes.

**Statistical Review**

There is no centralized repository of games used in the NACS. As such, self-reported data was required and not every location was represented in responses. Thirty-seven locations supplied their eligible game lists (out of fifty-five total) for a 67% response rate.

**NACS Locations Whose Games Are Included**

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| ·    Alabama  ·    Arizona  ·    California  ·    Colorado  ·    Connecticut  ·    Delaware  ·    Florida  ·    Idaho  ·    Illinois  ·    Indiana  ·    Kansas  ·    Kentucky  ·    Maine  ·    Maryland   ·    Massachusetts  ·    Michigan  ·    Mississippi  ·    Missouri  ·    Nevada | ·    New Brunswick   ·    New Mexico  ·    New York  ·    North Carolina  ·    Ohio  ·    Oregon  ·    Pennsylvania  ·    Quebec  ·    Rhode Island  ·    Saskatchewan  ·    South Carolina  ·    Tennessee  ·    Texas  ·    Vermont  ·    Virginia  ·    Washington (state)  ·    Washington, D.C.  ·    West Virginia |
|  |  |

These locations produced a list of 706 pinball machines available for play (attempts were made to not count games that were removed from consideration before the events began).

While it is not possible to confirm if these games statistically represent the locations that did not report (the sample size of locations is too small to make such a claim, and game choice can really vary depending on if the location is a public venue or a private collector), there is a lot of interesting information to be found given we have a majority of the locations reflected.

One of the biggest questions asked is whether the NACS is a ‘*Sternament*‘ (a play off the word *tournament* often used to signify that all, or most, of the pins in a competition are made by Stern Pinball, the current leading manufacturer of games).

The short answer is “*No!*” While Stern Pinball is the manufacturer of more NACS pins than any other, it is still well short of being the majority.

As the Manufacturer Selection chart above shows, Stern Pinball leads with 31% of pins used for the NACS, followed by Bally with 26% and Williams with 21% (note that WMS games are broken down to either Bally or Williams depending on the label used, so these slices do include that period when the two companies were unified under WMS and the distinction became more academic than it was prior to 1988 when there was a true separation).

All other manufacturers were in single percentage values for game contribution. Gottlieb and Stern Electronics (aka classic Stern) were both at 5%, Jersey Jack with 4%, CGC (Chicago Gaming Company, which presently remakes WMS games) and Data East at 2%, and Spooky at 1%. Twenty-two games were listed with an ‘Other’ manufacturer (Sega, Capcom, Zaccaria, Chicago Coin, Playmatic, Dutch Pinball, American Pinball, Sonic, Multimorphic, and Heighway are all reflected in that category). Note that only 696 of the 706 pins are represented in the Manufacturer Selection chart, as some locations did not supply their manufacturer (this was an issue with certain WMS games and it not being known if they were WMS-built or CGC-built).

The top ten pins in the data are as follows:

**Game (Count)**

1. [Iron Maiden: Legacy of the Beast](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=6555) (18)
2. [Attack from Mars](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=3781) (17)
3. [Jurassic Park](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=6573) – Stern (16)
4. [Black Knight Sword of Rage](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=6567) (14)
5. [Deadpool](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=6558) (13)
6. [The Addams Family](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=20) (12)
7. [Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory](https://pinside.com/pinball/machine/willy-wonka-and-the-chocolate-factory-standard) (11)
8. [Metallica](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=6028) (10)
8. [Ghostbusters](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=6332) (10)
10. [Star Trek](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=6044) – Stern (9)
10. [Monster Bash](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=4441) (9)
10. [Game of Thrones](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=6307) (9)

So, out of the top ten list (consisting of twelve total games due to some ties), eight are Stern Pinball titles, all but three (to one, depending if the *Attack from Mars* and *Monster Bash* are the original WMS games or the CGC versions) are newer than 2012, and nothing pre-DMD makes the popularity cut.

When it comes to electromechanical (EM) versus solid-state (SS) pinball games, the NACS relies overwhelmingly on SS pins.

There are no limitations on the use of EMs, but certain other factors (such as public venues for many of these locations) may just innately skew the game selection towards SS machines. Popularity of modern pinball to players is also a factor, especially given the growth amongst an audience too young to remember EM pinball machines on route.

Going back to Stern Pinball specifically, one of the big changes the company did over a decade ago was start issuing different models (namely the Pro/Premium/Limited Edition variety, but some others exist). Given the gameplay differences these sometimes entail, the differences between versions of a game can be dramatic when it comes to competitive play.

[![The different versions of Stern Pinball games used](https://www.pinballnews.com/site/wp-content/uploads/learn/nacs-2019-game-analysis/03-nacs-2019-game-analysis-1024x564.jpg)](https://www.pinballnews.com/site/wp-content/uploads/learn/nacs-2019-game-analysis/03-nacs-2019-game-analysis.jpg)

LE in the chart equates to Limited Edition and SLE is short for Super Limited Edition

Based off what was reported (153 Stern Pinball games were designated with one of the chart labels used above), Pro units represent a significant majority of Stern Pinball games used in the NACS, followed by Premiums. Everything else only reflects about 15% of the total, and the bulk of that are Limited Edition models. Note that cases where a version was not reported, or the Stern Pinball game predated multiple versions, are not reflected in the above graph.

As such, NACS games skew towards modern pins, and the most common pins tend to be very modern games. Stern Pinball is the plurality manufacturer of choice but still is well short of a majority in overall game selection, though it dominates the top ten pins list.

**Game Prohibitions and Modifications**

Given the desire to eliminate inequitable gameplay elements from competitive play it is reasonable to wonder if the NACS has a list of banned games or other prohibitions. The answer is “*No!*”

Josh Sharpe, President of the IFPA, noted that certain games clearly pose more of a problem than others, and while he would ensure a game like [*No Good Gofers*](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=4338) (a game with multiple bugs that hurt its competitive worthiness, from unbalanced Cart Attack scoring to problems related to the free lock award) or [*Tales of the Arabian Nights*](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=3824) (a game with a scoring imbalance tied to its Harem multiball and that permits highly skilled players to battle the genie for long periods of time) was never permitted at a circuit event or the World Championship, local events are not held to the same standard. In the case of Illinois and its State Championship Series, such games would be allowed in deference to the host of the event but it is seen as a borderline case (ideally the games would not be used but there is no willingness to actually prohibit them).

This philosophy seemed to carry over to the
other locations, with games modified or removed for a variety of locally
determined reasons. Several locations reported their logic used when arranging
for their area’s NACS tournament.

For example, Tom MacArthur reported that New Brunswick’s host location had a [*Star Wars Episode 1*](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=4458) on site but it was removed from tournament use because the game awarded too many extra balls (and while they don’t play extra balls it became annoying to manage all of them). Adam Kiesler reported that in Quebec several games ([*OXO*](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=1733), [*Big Shot*](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=271), and [*Spectrum*](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=2274)) were played as one-player only games to avoid tilt-throughs and issues that could arise with player switching. Delaware reported that consideration is made regarding games with competitive issues. In their case [*Demolition Man*](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=662) was played with the ‘Soren’ custom ROM (‘Soren’ ROMs are customized ROM files made by Søren Worre, one of pinball’s most prolific ROM customizers whose work focuses on score balancing and bug fixes), and [*Stars*](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=2366) was used with its center post intact and with a rubber ring.

Kevin Stone noted that Virginia used [*Rollergames*](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=2006) with a custom ROM to address the random million-point shot (and if such a ROM was not available it would have been pulled from the competition).

Snow Galvin, in reporting Colorado’s game list, indicated all games that allowed lock-stealing were played as one-player games, and games which allowed tilt-throughs were played on Player 1 and Player 3 to protect against the issue. Colorado used short ball-save timers on all Jersey Jack and Stern Pinball games, all multiball ball-save timers were cut in half from default, rubbers were removed from multiple titles, and virtual ball-locks were activated for [*Aerosmith*](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=6370) and [*Game of Thrones*](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=6307). Colorado also reported modifying [*Shrek*](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=5301) so that the upper playfield was timed and that the up-post was disabled. ‘Soren’ ROMs were also used on three games (*The Addams Family*, [*The Getaway: High Speed II*](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=1000), and [*Mousin’ Around!*](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=1635)).

Zoë Vrabel indicated that Oregon does not maintain a specific ban list but that she does pay attention to games bad for competition based off the [PAPA](https://papa.org/) (Professional & Amateur Pinball Association) Director’s Guide [Game Notes](https://papa.org/learning-center/directors-guide/#1522695291021-abb19302-c337). She also indicated Oregon avoids games with unbalanced mystery features, finicky mechanisms, known software bugs, and games with one-shot exploits that encourage repetitive play. Oregon does allow lock-stealing games to be played as intended so long as the lock-steal isn’t seen as overly unbalanced.

Colin Colin MacAlpine reported the only game that was removed from the Texas venue’s tournament list was [*Police Force*](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=1841) (both because of the ball three ‘take highest score’ feature and the instant multiball the mystery award can supply).

Stephen Thaxton indicated that no games needed to be banned for Mississippi, but they would not permit a score-swapping game such as [*Bugs Bunny’s Birthday Ball*](https://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=396) from ever being used.

Jeff Parsons reported Maine did not ban any games, but they did turn off extra balls and set games to the tournament mode wherever available.

**Conclusion**

The 2019 NACS game options were dominated by modern-era games. Stern Pinball is the most popular manufacturer for use at this point, but still well short of supplying the majority of pins in use. The IFPA has no ban mandates for games being involved in NACS, but many locations work to avoid poorly designed rules or mechanical features that may cause problems (many of these are programmed around via modified ROMs or addressable in software settings versus the need to full-on remove the game).

It will be interesting to see whether a consistent list of game prohibitions for NACS develops as competitive pinball’s popularity continues to grow or if the ad-hoc management by venue is enough to address any concerns.

Likewise, as modern pinball games continue to be sold and circulate throughout the hobby, will they continue to grow as a larger share of the available games played, or does a sort of firewall exist keeping classic and other older titles in as an important part of the mix?

*Special thanks to Glenn Waechter for
convincing me to write this article and for reaching out on Tilt Forums to help
generate lists of NACS games. Special thanks to Josh Sharpe for reaching out to
the state and provincial representatives to send in their game and banned
lists. Finally, special thanks to the tournament directors and players who
worked to provide details and made this article possible.*

_(Acquisition: raw_text, Enrichment: v1)_

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*Exported from Journalist Tool on 2026-04-13 | Item ID: 96532a67-fa2d-4031-91eb-d8c3e647406d*